ASTM A106 Grade B Pipe Suppliers in india

A106 Gr B Material and Erw Pipe.

ASTM A106 Gr B Sch 40, Seamless Pipe and A106 Carbon Steel Welded Pipe exporter in India.

ASTM A106 Gr. B Carbon Steel Pipes

SA106 gr b Welded Tubes

Seamless Steel A106 Gr. B Pipe

Tubos India is one of the large high quality Carbon Steel ASTM A106 Grade B Pipe Suppliers. Carbon ASTM A106 Grade B Seamless Pipe should be solution annealed according to the heat treatment section to restore the ferrite austenite equilibrium. The weld metallurgy of Carbon Steel ASME SA106 GR. B Welded Pipes, as with other ferrite – austenitic stainless steels has a ferrite structure during solidification and when the weld metal temperature of Carbon Steel ASTM A106 GR. B EFW Pipes is in the 2100 Degree F to 2640 Degree F (1150 Degree C to 1450 Degree C) range it is possible for the HAZ to increase its ferrite content. The cooling of high temperature ferrite of Carbon Steel ASME SA106 GR. B ERW Pipes allows retransformation into austenite, yielding a ferrite – austenite weld structure.

Carbon Steel ASTM A106 Gr B Sch 40 Pipe cooling rates are extremely important as getting the weld area too hot or using too much weld energy, leads to cooling rates being too slow and allowing the formation of embrittling sigma phase in the heat affected zone. Conversely, if not enough weld energy is used in ASME SA 106 GR. B Carbon Square Pipes, then the cooling rates are too fast which leads to too much ferrite in the weld metal and a fragile weld joint.

Carbon Steel ASTM A106 Grade B Pipe Suppliers Specifications
Chemical Requirements of ASTM A106 Grade B Seamless Pipe
Tensile Requirements of ASTM A106 Grade B Pipe
ASTM A106 Grade C Carbon Elongation
ASTM A106 Gr B Sch 40 Pipe Size Chart
Carbon ASTM A106 Grade C Price List
Carbon ASTM A106 Grade B Seamless Pipe Pressure Rating

ASTM A106 GRADE B CARBON PIPES SPECIFICATION
ASTM A106 Grade C Carbon Pipe Specification	:	A106 NPS 1/8 -- 48 ANSI Schedules to 160
ASTM A106 Grade B Seamless Pipe	:	1/2" NB - 60" NB
ASTM A106 Gr B Sch 40 Pipe Sizes(ERW)	:	1/2" NB - 24" NB
ASTM A106 Grade b Pipe Suppliers Sizes(SAW)	:	16" NB - 100" NB
ASTM A106 Grade C Pipe Wall Thickness available	:	Schedule 20-Schedule XXS (heavier on request) up to 250 mm thickness.

Distributor of Carbon Steel A106 Grade C Tubing, Grade C Carbon Steel Tube Manufacturer in India.

Chemical Requirements of ASTM A106 Grade B Pipe Suppliers

Chemical Requirements

ELEMENT	COMPOSITION, %
	ASTM A106 Gr.B	ASTM A106 Gr.C
C max A	0.30	0.35
Mn	0.29-1.06	0.29-1.06
P, max	0.04	0.04
S, max	0.04	0.04
Si, min	0.10	0.10
Cr, maxB	0.40	0.40
Cu, maxB	0.40	0.40
Mo, maxB	0.15	0.15
Ni, maxB	0.40	0.40
V, maxB	0.08	0.08

Tensile Requirements of ASTM A106 Grade B Seamless Pipe

	ASTM A106 Gr.B	ASTM A106 Gr.C
Y.S, min, psi [Mpa]	35 000 [240]	40 000 [275]
T.S., min, psi [Mpa]	60 000 [415]	70 000 [485]

ASTM A106 Grade C Pipe/ ASTM A106 Grade B Seamless Pipe Elongation

ASTM A106 Gr.B		ASTM A106 Gr.C
L	T	L	T
22	12	20	12

ASTM A106 Gr b Sch 40 Pipe Size Chart

NPS [DN Designator]	Over		Under
NPS [DN Designator]	in.	mm	in.	mm
1/8 to 1-1/2 [6 to 40], incl	1/64 (0.015)	0.4	1/64 (0.015)	0.4
Over 1-1/2 to 4 [40 to 100], incl	1/32 (0.031)	0.8	1/32 (0.031)	0.8
Over 4 to 8 [100 to 200], incl	1/16 (0.062)	1.6	1/32 (0.031)	0.8
Over 8 to 18 [200 to 450], incl	3/32 (0.093)	2.4	1/32 (0.031)	0.8
Over 18 to 26 [450 to 650], incl	1/8 (0.125)	3.2	1/32 (0.031)	0.8
Over 26 to 34 [650 to 859], incl	5/32 (0.156)	4.0	1/32 (0.031)	0.8
Over 34 to 48 [850 to 1200], incl	3/16 (0.187)	4.8	1/32 (0.031)	0.8

Carbon ASTM A106 Grade b Pipe Suppliers Pipe Price List

ASTM A106 Grade Seamless Carbon Pipe
US $650-1000 / Metric Ton ( FOB Price)
ASTM A106 Grade A Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe
US $500-1850 / Ton ( FOB Price)
ASTM A106 Grade B Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe
US $500-1500 / Ton ( FOB Price)
ASTM A106 Grade C Carbon Steel Seamless Pipe
US $750-1000 / Ton ( FOB Price)

Carbon Steel ASME SA106 Grade B Pressure Rating

Size (in)	Outside Diameter (in)	Wall Thickness (in)	Inside Diameter (in)	Schedule	Temperature (^oF)
					100	200	300	400	500	600	650	700
					Allowable Stress (psi)
					23300	21300	20700	20000	18900	17300	16900	16800
					Maximum Allowable Pressure (psi)
1/2	0.84	0.109	0.622	40¹⁾	6747	6168	5994	5792	5473	5010	4894	4865
	0.84	0.147	0.546	80²⁾	9483	8669	8424	8140	7692	7041	6878	6837
	0.84	0.188	0.464	160	12704	11614	11287	10905	10305	9433	9215	9160
	0.84	0.294	0.252		22653	20708	20125	19444	18375	16819	16431	16333
3/4	1.05	0.113	0.824	40	5487	5016	4875	4710	4451	4074	3980	3957
	1.05	0.154	0.742	80	7743	7079	6879	6647	6281	5749	5616	5583
	1.05	0.219	0.612	160	11666	10665	10364	10014	9463	8662	8462	8412
	1.05	0.308	0.434		17861	16328	15868	15331	14488	13261	12955	12878
1	1.315	0.133	1.049	40	5128	4688	4556	4402	4160	3808	3720	3698
	1.315	0.179	0.957	80	7118	6507	6324	6110	5774	5285	5163	5133
	1.315	0.25	0.815	160	10448	9552	9283	8969	8475	7758	7578	7534
	1.315	0.358	0.599		16219	14827	14409	13922	13156	12042	11764	11694
1 1/4	1.66	0.14	1.38	40	4214	3853	3744	3618	3419	3129	3057	3039
	1.66	0.191	1.278	80	5905	5398	5246	5069	4790	4385	4283	4258
	1.66	0.25	1.16	160	7979	7295	7089	6849	6473	5925	5788	5753
	1.66	0.382	0.896		13143	12015	11677	11282	10661	9759	9533	9477
1 1/2	1.9	0.145	1.61	40	3788	3462	3365	3251	3072	2812	2747	2731
	1.9	0.2	1.5	80	5356	4897	4759	4598	4345	3977	3885	3862
	1.9	0.281	1.338	160	7817	7146	6944	6710	6341	5804	5670	5636
	1.9	0.4	1.1		11797	10785	10481	10127	9570	8759	8557	8506
2	2.375	0.109	2.157	10	2220	2030	1972	1906	1801	1648	1610	1601
	2.375	0.154	2.067	40	3187	2913	2831	2736	2585	2366	2312	2298
	2.375	0.218	1.939	80	4616	4220	4101	3963	3745	3428	3348	3329
	2.375	0.25	1.875		5356	4897	4759	4598	4345	3977	3885	3862
	2.375	0.281	1.813		6090	5567	5410	5227	4940	4522	4417	4391
	2.375	0.344	1.687	160	7634	6979	6782	6553	6193	5668	5537	5505
	2.375	0.436	1.503		10027	9167	8908	8607	8134	7445	7273	7230
2 1/2	2.875	0.12	2.635	10	2012	1840	1788	1727	1632	1494	1460	1451
	2.875	0.203	2.469	40	3487	3188	3098	2993	2829	2589	2529	2514
	2.875	0.216	2.443		3725	3405	3309	3197	3022	2766	2702	2686
	2.875	0.25	2.375		4355	3981	3869	3738	3533	3234	3159	3140
	2.875	0.276	2.323	80	4846	4430	4305	4159	3931	3598	3515	3494
	2.875	0.375	2.125	160	6786	6204	6029	5825	5505	5039	4922	4893
	2.875	0.552	1.771		10571	9664	9391	9074	8575	7849	7667	7622
3	3.5	0.12	3.26		1643	1502	1459	1410	1333	1220	1192	1184
	3.5	0.156	3.188		2154	1969	1913	1849	1747	1599	1562	1553
	3.5	0.172	3.156		2384	2179	2118	2046	1934	1770	1729	1719
	3.5	0.188	3.124		2615	2391	2324	2245	2122	1942	1897	1886
	3.5	0.216	3.068	40	3025	2766	2688	2597	2454	2246	2194	2181
	3.5	0.25	3		3530	3227	3136	3030	2864	2621	2561	2545
	3.5	0.281	2.938		3998	3655	3552	3432	3243	2969	2900	2883
	3.5	0.3	2.9	80	4288	3920	3810	3681	3479	3184	3110	3092
	3.5	0.438	2.624	160	6480	5924	5757	5563	5257	4812	4700	4673
	3.5	0.6	2.3		9258	8464	8225	7947	7510	6874	6715	6675
3 1/2	4	0.12	3.76	10	1432	1309	1273	1230	1162	1064	1039	1033
	4	0.226	3.548	140	2758	2521	2450	2367	2237	2047	2000	1988
	4	0.25	3.5		3066	2803	2724	2632	2487	2276	2224	2211
	4	0.281	3.438		3469	3171	3082	2977	2814	2575	2516	2501
	4	0.318	3.364	80	3956	3617	3515	3396	3209	2938	2870	2853
	4	0.636	2..728		8489	7761	7542	7287	6886	6303	6157	6121
4	4.5	0.12	4.26	10	1270	1161	1128	1090	1030	943	921	916
	4.5	0.156	4.188		1662	1519	1476	1426	1348	1234	1205	1198
	4.5	0.188	4.124		2014	1841	1789	1729	1634	1495	1461	1452
	4.5	0.203	4.094		2181	1994	1938	1872	1769	1619	1582	1572
	4.5	0.219	4.062		2360	2157	2096	2026	1914	1752	1712	1701
	4.5	0.237	4.026	40	2562	2342	2276	2199	2078	1902	1858	1847
	4.5	0.25	4		2709	2477	2407	2326	2198	2012	1965	1953
	4.5	0.281	3.938	60	3063	2800	2721	2629	2485	2274	2222	2208
	4.5	0.312	3.876		3421	3127	3039	2936	2775	2540	2481	2466
	4.5	0.337	3.826	80	3712	3394	3298	3186	3011	2756	2693	2677
	4.5	0.438	3.624	120	4919	4497	4370	4222	3990	3652	3568	3547
	4.5	0.531	3.438	160	6072	5551	5394	5212	4925	4508	4404	4378
	4.5	0.674	3.152		7930	7249	7045	6807	6432	5888	5752	5718
5	5.563	0.188	5.187		1619	1480	1438	1389	1313	1202	1174	1167
	5.563	0.219	5.125		1894	1732	1683	1626	1536	1406	1374	1366
	5.563	0.258	5.047	40	2244	2052	1994	1927	1821	1667	1628	1618
	5.563	0.281	5.001		2453	2242	2179	2106	1990	1821	1779	1769
	5.563	0.312	4.939		2736	2501	2431	2349	2220	2032	1985	1973
	5.563	0.344	4.875		3032	2771	2693	2602	2459	2251	2199	2186
	5.563	0.375	4.813	80	3320	3035	2950	2850	2693	2465	2408	2394
	5.563	0.5	4.563	120	4513	4126	4009	3874	3661	3351	3273	3254
	5.563	0.625	4.313	160	5753	5259	5111	4938	4666	4271	4172	4148
	5.563	0.75	4.063		7042	6438	6256	6045	5712	5229	5108	5078
6	6.625	0.109	6.407	5	777	710	690	667	630	577	564	560
	6.625	0.134	6.357	10	958	876	851	822	777	711	695	691
	6.625	0.156	6.313		1118	1022	994	960	907	830	811	806
	6.625	0.188	6.249		1353	1237	1202	1161	1098	1005	981	976
	6.625	0.203	6.219		1464	1338	1300	1256	1187	1087	1062	1055
	6.625	0.219	6.187		1582	1446	1406	1358	1283	1175	1148	1141
	6.625	0.25	6.125		1813	1658	1611	1556	1471	1346	1315	1307
	6.625	0.28	6.065	40	2038	1863	1811	1750	1653	1514	1479	1470
	6.625	0.312	6.001		2281	2085	2026	1958	1850	1693	1654	1644
	6.625	0.344	5.937		2525	2308	2243	2167	2048	1874	1831	1820
	6.625	0.375	5.875		2763	2526	2455	2372	2241	2051	2004	1992
	6.625	0.432	5.761	80	3206	2931	2848	2752	2601	2380	2325	2312
	6.625	0.5	5.625		3743	3422	3325	3213	3036	2779	2715	2699
	6.625	0.562	5.501	120	4241	3877	3768	3640	3440	3149	3076	3058
	6.625	0.625	5.375		4755	4347	4224	4082	3857	3531	3449	3429
	6.625	0.719	5.187	160	5538	5063	4920	4754	4492	4112	4017	3993
	6.625	0.864	4.897		6785	6203	6028	5824	5504	5038	4922	4892
	6.625	1	4.625		8000	7313	7107	6867	6489	5940	5803	5768
	6.625	1.125	4.375		9157	8371	8135	7860	7428	6799	6642	6603
8	8.625	0.188	8.25		1034	945	918	887	839	768	750	745
	8.625	0.203	8.219		1118	1022	993	960	907	830	811	806
	8.625	0.219	8.187		1208	1104	1073	1037	980	897	876	871
	8.625	0.237	8.151		1309	1197	1163	1124	1062	972	950	944
	8.625	0.25	8.125	20	1383	1264	1228	1187	1122	1027	1003	997
	8.625	0.277	8.071	30	1536	1404	1365	1319	1246	1141	1114	1108
	8.625	0.312	8.001		1736	1587	1542	1490	1408	1289	1259	1252
	8.625	0.322	7.981	40	1793	1639	1593	1539	1455	1332	1301	1293
	8.625	0.344	7.937		1920	1755	1706	1648	1557	1425	1393	1384
	8.625	0.375	7.875		2099	1919	1865	1802	1703	1559	1523	1514
	8.625	0.406	7.813	60	2279	2084	2025	1957	1849	1692	1653	1644
	8.625	0.438	7.749		2467	2255	2191	2117	2001	1831	1789	1779
	8.625	0.5	7.625	80	2833	2590	2517	2432	2298	2103	2055	2043
	8.625	0.562	7.501		3203	2928	2846	2750	2598	2379	2324	2310
	8.625	0.594	7.437	100	3396	3105	3017	2915	2755	2522	2464	2449
	8.625	0.625	7.375		3585	3277	3185	3077	2908	2662	2600	2585
	8.625	0.719	7.187	120	4162	3805	3698	3573	3376	3090	3019	3001
	8.625	0.812	7.001	140	4744	4337	4215	4073	3849	3523	3441	3421
	8.625	0.875	6.875		5145	4703	4571	4416	4174	3820	3732	3710
	8.625	0.906	6.813	160	5344	4885	4748	4587	4335	3968	3876	3853
10	10.75	0.188	10.374		827	756	734	709	670	614	599	596
	10.75	0.203	10.374		893	817	794	767	725	663	648	644
	10.75	0.219	10.312		965	882	857	828	783	717	700	696
	10.75	0.237	10.276		1046	956	929	898	848	777	759	754
	10.75	0.25	10.25	20	1104	1009	981	948	896	820	801	796
	10.75	0.279	10.192		1235	1129	1097	1060	1002	917	896	891
	10.75	0.307	10.136	30	1362	1245	1210	1169	1105	1011	988	982
	10.75	0.344	10.062		1530	1399	1360	1314	1241	1136	1110	1103
	10.75	0.365	10.02	40	1626	1487	1445	1396	1319	1208	1180	1173
	10.75	0.375	10		1672	1529	1486	1435	1356	1242	1213	1206
	10.75	0.438	9.874		1963	1794	1744	1685	1592	1457	1424	1415
	10.75	0.5	9.75	60	2251	2058	2000	1932	1826	1671	1633	1623
	10.75	0.562	9.626		2543	2324	2259	2182	2062	1888	1844	1833
	10.75	0.594	9.562	80	2694	2463	2393	2312	2185	2000	1954	1942
	10.75	0.625	9.5		2841	2598	2524	2439	2305	2110	2061	2049
	10.75	0.719	9.312	100	3293	3010	2926	2827	2671	2445	2388	2374
	10.75	0.812	9.126		3746	3425	3328	3216	3039	2782	2717	2701
	10.75	0.844	9.062	120	3904	3569	3468	3351	3167	2899	2832	2815
	10.75	1	8.75	140	4683	4281	4161	4020	3799	3477	3397	3377
	10.75	1.125	8.5	160	5322	4865	4728	4569	4317	3952	3860	3838
12	12.75	0.188	12.374		695	636	618	597	564	516	504	501
	12.75	0.203	12.374		752	687	668	645	610	558	545	542
	12.75	0.219	12.312		812	742	721	697	658	603	589	585
	12.75	0.237	12.276		879	804	781	755	713	653	638	634
	12.75	0.25	12.25	20	928	849	825	797	753	689	673	669
	12.75	0.281	12.188		1045	956	929	897	848	776	758	754
	12.75	0.312	12.126		1163	1063	1033	998	943	864	844	839
	12.75	0.33	12.09	30	1232	1126	1094	1057	999	914	893	888
	12.75	0.344	12.062		1285	1175	1142	1103	1042	954	932	927
	12.75	0.375	12		1404	1283	1247	1205	1139	1042	1018	1012
	12.75	0.406	11.938	40	1523	1392	1353	1307	1235	1131	1104	1098
	12.75	0.438	11.874		1646	1505	1462	1413	1335	1222	1194	1187
	12.75	0.5	11.75		1887	1725	1676	1619	1530	1401	1368	1360
	12.75	0.562	11.626	60	2129	1946	1892	1828	1727	1581	1544	1535
	12.75	0.625	11.5		2378	2173	2112	2041	1929	1765	1724	1714
	12.75	0.688	11.374	80	2628	2402	2335	2256	2132	1951	1906	1895
	12.75	0.75	11.25		2877	2630	2556	2469	2333	2136	2086	2074
	12.75	0.844	11.062	100	3257	2978	2894	2796	2642	2418	2363	2349
	12.75	1	10.75	120	3900	3565	3464	3347	3163	2895	2828	2812
	12.75	1.125	10.5	140	4424	4044	3930	3797	3589	3285	3209	3190
	12.75	1.312	10.126	160	5225	4777	4642	4485	4239	3880	3790	3768
14	14	0.25	13.5	10	844	772	750	725	685	627	612	609
	14	0.281	13.438		951	869	845	816	771	706	689	685
	14	0.312	13.376	20	1057	967	939	908	858	785	767	762
	14	0.344	13.312		1168	1068	1038	1003	947	867	847	842
	14	0.375	13.25	30	1276	1166	1133	1095	1035	947	925	920
	14	0.406	13.188		1383	1265	1229	1188	1122	1027	1003	998
	14	0.438	13.124	40	1495	1367	1328	1284	1213	1110	1085	1078
	14	0.459	13.082		1569	1434	1394	1347	1273	1165	1138	1131
	14	0.5	13		1713	1566	1522	1471	1390	1272	1243	1235
	14	0.562	12.876		1933	1767	1717	1659	1568	1435	1402	1394
	14	0.594	12.812	60	2047	1871	1818	1757	1660	1520	1484	1476
	14	0.625	12.75		2157	1972	1917	1852	1750	1602	1565	1556
	14	0.688	12.624		2384	2179	2118	2046	1934	1770	1729	1719
	14	0.75	12.5	80	2608	2384	2317	2239	2116	1937	1892	1881
	14	0.812	12.376		2834	2591	2518	2433	2299	2104	2056	2044
	14	0.938	12.124	100	3299	3016	2931	2832	2676	2449	2393	2379
	14	1.094	11.812	120	3884	3551	3451	3334	3151	2884	2817	2801
	14	1.25	11.5	14O	4481	4096	3981	3846	3635	3327	3250	3231
	14	1.406	11.188	160	5089	4652	4521	4368	4128	3778	3691	3669
16	16	0.188	15.624		553	505	491	474	448	410	401	399
	16	0.203	15.594		597	546	531	513	485	443	433	431
	16	0.219	15.562		645	590	573	554	523	479	468	465
	16	0.237	15.526		699	639	621	600	567	519	507	504
	16	0.25	15.5	10	737	674	655	633	598	547	535	532
	16	0.281	15.438		830	759	737	713	673	616	602	599
	16	0.312	15.376	20	923	844	820	792	749	685	670	666
	16	0.344	15.312		1019	932	906	875	827	757	739	735
	16	0.375	15.25	30	1113	1018	989	955	903	826	807	803
	16	0.406	15.188		1207	1103	1072	1036	979	896	875	870
	16	0.438	15.124		1304	1192	1159	1120	1058	968	946	940
	16	0.469	15.062		1399	1279	1243	1201	1135	1039	1015	1009
	16	0.5	15	40	1494	1365	1327	1282	1212	1109	1083	1077
	16	0.562	14.876		1684	1540	1496	1446	1366	1250	1222	1214
	16	0.625	14.75		1879	1718	1669	1613	1524	1395	1363	1355
	16	0.656	14.688	60	1975	1806	1755	1696	1602	1467	1433	1424
	16	0.688	14.624		2075	1897	1844	1781	1683	1541	1505	1496
	16	0.75	14.5		2269	2075	2016	1948	1841	1685	1646	1636
	16	0.812	14.376	80	2465	2253	2190	2116	2000	1830	1788	1777
	16	1.031	13.938	100	3166	2894	2813	2718	2568	2351	2296	2283
	16	1.219	13.562	120	3781	3456	3359	3245	3067	2807	2742	2726
	16	1.438	13.124	140	4513	4125	4009	3874	3660	3351	3273	3254
	16	1.594	12.812	160	5045	4612	4482	4330	4092	3746	3659	3637
18	18	0.219	17.562		573	523	509	491	464	425	415	413
	18	0.237	17.526		620	567	551	532	503	460	450	447
	18	0.25	17.5		654	598	581	562	531	486	475	472
	18	0.281	17.438		737	673	654	632	598	547	534	531
	18	0.312	17.376	20	819	749	728	703	664	608	594	591
	18	0.344	17.312		904	827	803	776	734	672	656	652
	18	0.375	17.25		987	903	877	847	801	733	716	712
	18	0.406	17.188		1070	979	951	919	868	795	776	772
	18	0.438	17.124	30	1156	1057	1027	993	938	859	839	834
	18	0.469	17.062		1240	1134	1102	1064	1006	921	899	894
	18	0.5	17		1324	1210	1176	1136	1074	983	960	955
	18	0.562	16.876	40	1492	1364	1326	1281	1210	1108	1082	1076
	18	0.625	16.75		1664	1521	1479	1429	1350	1236	1207	1200
	18	0.688	16.624	60	1837	1680	1632	1577	1490	1364	1333	1325
	18	0.75	16.5		2009	1836	1784	1724	1629	1491	1457	1448
	18	0.812	16.376		2181	1994	1938	1872	1769	1619	1582	1572
	18	0.938	16.124	80	2534	2317	2251	2175	2055	1881	1838	1827
	18	1.156	15.688	100	3155	2884	2803	2708	2559	2342	2288	2275
	18	1.275	15.25	120	3499	3199	3109	3004	2838	2598	2538	2523
	18	1.562	14.876	140	4346	3973	3861	3730	3525	3227	3152	3133
	18	1.781	14.438	160	5007	4577	4448	4298	4062	3718	3632	3610

1) STD (standard) = schedule 40

2) XS (extra strong) = schedule 80

The calculation of pressure in the table above are made with the ASME/ANSI Piping Code B31.1 equation:

P = 2 SE (tm - A) / (Do - 2 y (tm - A)) (1)

where

P = allowable pressure (psi)

SE = maximum allowable stress in pipe wall (psi)

tm = wall thickness (in)

A = additional thickness depending upon type of pipe (in) (A = 0 for the calculations above)

y = a coefficient depending on material and temperature range (y = 0.4 for the calculations above)

Do = outside diameter (in)